3 Thuat ” gQl va djnh nghiaTrang neu chuan nay, ap dung cac thuat ngCrva dinh nghia trang TCVN 8184 – 1 ( ISO 6107 – 1 ) va TCVN8184-2 ( ISO 6107 – 2 ) va cac thuat ngCrva dinh nghia sau day. 3.1 lay mau dinh ky ( periodic sampling ) Qua trinh Ifly mau theo nhCrngkhoanq co dinh, co th ~ Iii theo thoi gian, theo thttlch hoac thea dong chay .Tieu chuan nay trlnh bay cac nguyen tac chung, hU’ang dan I ~ p chuonq trinh I ~ y mau va ky thuat I ~ ymau cho tg. t ca cac loai mau nuoc ( baa gbm ca nuoc thai, bun, nU’ac thai da qua xli ‘ Iy va can day ). Tieu chuan nay khong dU’a ra nhCrng hU’ang dan chi ti ~ t v ~ cac tlnh huang Ig. ymau d ~ c thu, nhCrnghU’ang dan chi ti ~ t dU’Q ‘ Ctrlnh bay trong phan khac cua be ;, tieu chuan TCVN 6663 ( ISO 5667 ). Tieuchuan nay cOng khong ap dung lay mau d ~ phan tich vi sinh vat .LAy miu theo khu vl ; J’c ( area profile sampling ) Qua trl nh lay mau tal cac di ~ m da chon trong mot khu Vl, J’Ccu th ~ trong khi cac thOng s6 khac van duccgifr 6 n dinh và rrnrc t6i da ( vi du thai gian, do sau ). 3.3 LAy mau 50 ‘ lU’gc theo chil ! u 5 au ( depth profile sampling ) Qua trinh Iffy mau ( y cac dO sau da chon tai mot vi trl Cl, I th ~ trong khi cac thOng s6 khac van duoc giCr6n dinh a rnuc t6i da ( vi du thai gian, dong chay ). 4 Bi ~ n phap ph6ng ngli’a chung v A an toanTrong qua trinh lay mau nU’ac va can day, cac y ! u t6 rui ro phaj duoc tinh d ! n, cac y ! u t6 nay lam anhhU’ong d ! n sue kh6e va an toan cua ngU’ai lay mau. Phai luu y phong ngLra d ~ tranh hit phai khi docva nu6t phai cac chat doc hai qua rnui, mi USD ng va da. NgU’ai chiu trach nhiern thi ! t k ! chvonq trinh laymau va thuc hi USD n lay mau phai dam bao nhCrng ngU’oi tham gia Iffy mau dU’Q ‘ cthOng bolo cac thOng tinph6ng ngLra can thi ! t khi thuc hi ~ m lay mau. C ~ n phai cnu y dEncac qui dinh cua quoc gia va / hoac khu Vl, J’Cve an toan va sire kh6e. CHU THicH : Can chu y den phonq ngll’a tai nan. Cac tinh huang C l, J th 9 han dlfQ’Cthao lu ~ n trong ) ieu 5.3. C ~ n xem xet dieu kien thai tiEtd ~ dam bao an toan cho ngU’ai va pruronq tien Iffy mau, ngU’ai I ~ y mauphai mac ao phao va deo day an toan khi Iffy 1U ‘ Q’ngrnau nU’ac Ian. Truce khi lay mau tai cac vungnuoc co phd bang ca, phai ki ~ m tra can than dja di ~ m va rrurc do bang y ! u_NEusUrdl, lng binh dU’cyngkhi duai ruroc hoac cac phuonq tien I ~ n khac, phai luon ki ~ m tra va baa dU’frng theo cac tieu chuanISO hoac tieu chuan qu6c gia nh ~ m bao dam do tin c USD y. Thuyen va xu6ng cao su đặc dung d ~ hly mau phai dU’Q ‘ cduy tri 6 ‘ tinh tranq chac chan. Trang tat ca cacvunq nuoc can pnai hru y dEncac tau cho hang va thuyen danh ca : vi du phai treo co mang tin hiEj ! ucanh bao cho cac tau thuyen bi ! t thuc chat cOng viec dang dU’Q ‘ cti ! n khô hanh. L ~ y mau tai cac vi tri khonq an toan. phai tranh dEnrmrc t6i da lay mau t ; ; : ticac bo s6ng khOng vCrngchsc. N ~ u khOng th ~ tranh dU’Q ‘ c, hoat d9ng lay rnau phai duoc mot nh6rn ngU’ai tien khô cứng vai cac bienphap ph6ng ngCra phu hop, dieu nay tot hon khi de mot ngU’ai thuc hien. Khi co the, nen lay mau tlftren cau thay cho lay mau tu bo sOng, tru khi bo tuy nhiên do la rnuc tieu di ; lc biet cua nghien cvu Iffy mau. Doi voi Iffy mau theo t ~ n suat hang ngay, tiep can an toan voi vi tri lay mau trong rnci cfieu kien thai tietla di ! u quan tn ; > ng hang d ~ u_ Khi thich hop, phai ph6ng ngCl’aneu co mat cac moi nguy nai tl, J’nhiennhtr cac tham thtrc v ~ t, dong v ~ t co th ~ gay nguy hi ~ m cho SLrC khoe hoac an toan ca nhan. Cac chat nguy hiEm ( vi du chai 10 dl, J’ngaxit o ~ m d ; t : ic ) phai oU’Q ‘ cghi nhan r6 rang .
5/17/2018 TCVN 6663-1-2011
7/40
TCVN 6663-1 :2011Tranh hoac phai co cac bien phap ph6ng ngua thich hop khi lap dc;.t dunq cu va cac thi~t bi I~y mautren bo song, noi de bi ng$p 1 I, 1 t hoac de sat 1&.Trang khi lay rnau nuoc, co rat nhieu tin,h huang khacnay sinh can phai ph6ng ngua dc;.cbi~t d~ tranh tai nan. Vi du mot so loai nuoc thai conq nghi~p co th~an man hoac chua cac tac nhan de chay hoac doc hat. NhQ>ngmoi nguy hi~m bern tang khi tiep xuc voicong ranh cling kh6ng dU’Q’cbo qua; do co th~ la khi, vi sinh v$t, vi rut hoac dong vat nhu’ vi khuan Ifhoac giun san.PhU’O’ngtien ph6ng chong hO’ikhi doc, may tho, may h6i sire cap ClfU va cac phuonq tien an toan khacphai san co khi lay mau tal cac dja di~m chua kh6ng khi doc hai HO’n nQ>a,truce khi tlurc hien lay mautrong kh6ng gian kin, phai do n6ng dO oxy va bat C l f khl doc hoac khl gay nqat. Trong tmang hop laymau hO’i nuoc nang va thai nhi~t cao, can phai can than, tuan thu cac buoc da duoc I~p truce. SLYdunq cac ky thuat lay rnau d~ loai tn:r cac moi nguy hai nay.Lay mau co chua chat phonq xa can phai can than d~c biet va bat bucc su dl,lng nghiem tuc cacphuonq ben ky thuat nay.sCr dl,mg cac phuonq tien lay mau dung di~n gan hoac trong nuoc co th~ g~p cac m6i nguy hi~m d~cbiet. Qui trinh sCrdunq, thi!t k~ vi tri lay rnau va bao dU’ong thiet bi phai duoc I$p k~ hoach can thansao cho d~ co th~ loai be nhQ>ngm6i nguy do.
5 Thi ~ t k ~ chLPO ‘ ng t rinh lA y miu5, 1 Khai quatKhi muon X8C dinh d ~ c tfnh mot 1U ‘ Q’ngnuoc Ion, c ~ n day hoac bun, thU’ang khong th ~ ki ~ m tra toan bf ) va vi th ~ rna can phai lay mau. Vi USD c thu mau va ki ! mtra chu y ~ u vi cac 1 ” 1 do sau day : a ) D ~ xac dinh gia tri cua cac thong 56 vat 1 ” 1, n6ng dO cac chat hoa hoc, sinh hoc va phonq xa lienquan theo khong gian va thai gian ; b ) Voi can day, d ~ co dU’Q ‘ Cchi thi true quan ve ban chat cua chung ; c ) D ~ U’cYctinh Sl, l ‘ thay d6i lien tuc cua cac dol tU’Q ‘ ngquan trac ; d ) D ~ danh gia cac xu th ~ qua thai gian hoac khong gian ; e ) D ~ tuan thu hoac d ~ dat dung chuan rnuc, lieu chuan hoac muc tieu, NhCmg chu-onq trinh lay rnau rna k ! tqua cua chunq se dung d ~ danh gia thong ke khai quat va dl, l ‘ baoxu hU’ang thl can pMi thi ~ t k ~ tren co s a nhan trurc day du ve sai so lay mau thong ke va theo cac kythuat lay mau voi sai 56 co th ~ dinh 1U ‘ Q’ngva co th ~ SLYdl, mg cnunq d ~ dU’a ra k ~ t luanCac mau dU’Q ‘ c thu thap phai co tinh chat dai dien nhlt cho toan bo nhQ > nggi can quan tam, va canphai chu y d ~ dam bao cnac chan la mau khonq co thay deSirong khoang thai gian tlY khi lay rnau d ~ nkhi phan tich ( xem TCVN 6663 – 3 ( ISO 5667 – 3 ) [ 31 d ! co huang dan them ). Lay rnau tlY cac h USD phan tan7
